Role of Oxidative Stress in Modulating Cutaneous Vasodilation and Sweating During Exercise in Type-2 Diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Impairments in heat dissipation in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2D) have been observed during exercise in warm ambient conditions. This decline in heat loss may be related to diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide, an important contributor to the heat loss responses, due to increased oxidative stress. PURPOSE: To assess if local administration of ascorbate (ASC, a non-selective anti-oxidant) increases local heat loss responses of cutaneous vasodilation (CVC) and sweating during exercise in the heat in individuals with T2D. METHODS: Older adults (62 ± 9 yrs) with (n=10, T2D) and without (n=10, NoT2D) T2D, matched for age, body surface area and fitness performed 30-min of moderate-to-high intensity cycling (70% of VO2peak), followed by a 20-min recovery in the heat (35°C). Local CVC and sweat rate were assessed at four skin sites continuously perfused via intradermal microdialysis with either: 1) lactated Ringer (Control), 2) 10 mM ASC, 3) 10 mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor), or 4) a combination of ASC+ L-NAME. Responses were compared at baseline, end-exercise and end of recovery. RESULTS: In both T2D and NoT2D participants, CVC did not differ from Control at the ASC site throughout the protocol (all P≥0.18). In T2D, CVC at the L-NAME site was attenuated throughout the protocol relative to Control with reductions of 17%, 16% and 16%, during baseline, end-exercise and end of recovery, respectively (all P≤0.05). In NoT2D, attenuations in CVC at the L-NAME site consisted of 18%, 29% and 23% from Control at the same respective time periods (all P≤0.01). In T2D, CVC was attenuated at the combination site relative to Control throughout (baseline: 20%, end-exercise: 27% and end of recovery: 23%) (all P≤0.01). Conversely, in NoT2D the combination of ASC+L-NAME attenuated CVC during baseline (14%, P=0.01) and recovery (20%, P=0.01) only. No differences in sweat rate were observed between Control and any treatment site in either group (all P≥0.10). CONCLUSION: We show that oxidative stress does not impair CVC or sweating in T2D. Further, reducing oxidative stress in the presence of NOS inhibition in NoT2D alters other mechanisms in the regulation of CVC, however this response is not observed in adults with T2D. Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".