Formation of sea ice bridges in narrow straits in response to wind and water stresses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ice bridges are rigid structures composed of sea ice that form seasonally in the many straits and channels of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Driven primarily by atmospheric stresses, these ice bridges are formed when sufficiently thick ice “jams” during the course of its flow between land masses, resulting in a region of stationary compacted ice that is separated from a region of flowing open water (a polynya) by a static arch. Using a continuum description of sea ice that is widely used in climate modeling, we present an asymptotic theory of the process of formation of such bridges in slender channels when the motion of the ice is driven by external wind and water stresses. We show that for an arbitrary channel shape, ice bridges can only form within a range of ice properties that is determined by the channel geometry and the external stress. We then compare the results of our theory with direct numerical simulations and observational evidence. Finally, we provide simple analytical expressions for the mean velocity of the ice flow as a function of the channel shape, the properties of the ice, and the wind and water stresses along the channel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".