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Record W2620710352 · doi:10.1021/cen-v016n007.p190

Foreign Patents on Chemical Inventions

2010· article· en· W2620710352 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Robert E. Sadtler

Bibliographic record

VenueIndustrial and Engineering Chemistry, News Edition · 2010
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicIntellectual Property and Patents
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsObligationPrincipal (computer security)BusinessInternational tradeOrder (exchange)InventionPatent ActLawPatent lawCommerceLaw and economicsEconomicsPolitical scienceIntellectual propertyFinance

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

IN CONSIDERING the advisability of taking out patents on their inventions in foreign countries, American chemical inventors should remember that practically all foreign countries, unlike the United States, tax patents on a gradually ascending scale and require the patented invention to be worked within the foreign country. Some foreign countries even tax their patents before they are issued; that is, the period of taxation begins from the date of filing an application for a patent. The working requirements for patents in the principal foreign countries and the cost of obtaining such patents may be briefly outlined as follows: CANADA. The Canadian act has always contained a clause requiring that patented articles be manufactured in Canada. This law was somewhat modified in 1923, 1928, and again in 1935. Every patentee is under obligation to supply the reasonable requirements of the public and, if he fails, anyone may petition the commissioner to order the patentee to meet ...

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.452
Threshold uncertainty score0.543

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.093
GPT teacher head0.197
Teacher spread0.105 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2010
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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