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Record W2621046997

The tectonic evolution of the East Range of the Sudbury Basin, Ontario, Canada

2017· article· en· W2621046997 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Martin D. Clark

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicGeochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBasin and range topographyGeologyLithologyTectonicsStructural basinFault (geology)Range (aeronautics)Basin and Range ProvinceStrain partitioningEchelon formationSinistral and dextralSeismologyPaleontologyGeomorphologyGeometry
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This thesis aims to understand how the eastern portion of the Sudbury Basin, the East Range, in Ontario, Canada, geometrically evolved since the emplacement of its defining lithology, the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) at 1.85 Ga. The Sudbury Basin is an elliptical fold basin which due to variations in its surface expression can be subdivided into three ranges: The North Range, the South Range, and the East Range. The East Range is unique due to its inward curvature and steep dips of the SIC, where the mechanism by which the curvature and dips were generated remains unknown. Evidence of folding is apparent from tectonic foliations in sediments which have infilled the basin, and prominent folds have been constrained across the East Range, but the SIC can only be characterized by low levels of solid state strain. As the SIC and underlying rocks are petrographically distinct but mechanically isotropic, the mechanism by which the SIC folded still remains to be elucidated. Unique to the East Range are prominent, kilometer scale faults which mimic the curvature of the SIC, but their true geometry and kinematics and how they may relate to folding of the SIC remains unknown. Therefore, to better understand the effects of folding and faulting, a combination of methods including field work, computational spatial analysis, 3-D modeling, forward modeling, and kinematic restorations were conducted. Combining high resolution digital elevation models derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data with surface fault traces yields non-uniform fault surface geometries characteristic for brittle deformation in the upper crust. The local heterogeneity of the strain field at surface together with fault surface geometries allows for the derivation of fault kinematics defining a new G.I.S.-based workflow. Fault kinematics of prominent faults across the East Range can be broadly classified as accomplishing reverse motion in the southern half and normal motion in the northern half of the East Range. This prompts the theory that these fault were the initial anisotropic element which allowed for folding to begin. As initially reverse faults are folded, they can be classified at surface as normal faults. To validate this theory from surface data, kinematic restorations were performed on an independent 3-D model of the SIC in the East Range. By using simple shear and flexural slip restoration algorithms, the importance of slip on faults for folding of the SIC is shown. This therefore advocates that slip on faults was an intrinsic component of folding, and therefore supports their temporal connection to folding of the SIC, and the generation of the curvature of the East Range of the Sudbury Basin. Mit dieser Arbeit ist beabsichtigt die geometrische Entwicklung des ostlichen Bereichs des Sudbury Beckens, die East Range, in Ontario, Kanada, seit der Platznahme des Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) vor 1,85 Mrd. Jahren zu verstehen. Das Sudbury Becken ist ein elliptisches Faltenbecken, welches aufgrund von lokalen Variationen in drei Bereiche unterteilt wird: Die North Range, die South Range und die East Range. Die East Range hebt sich durch ihre einwarts gerichtete Krummung und ein steiles Einfallen des SIC von den anderen Bereichen ab. Der Mechanismus, welcher die Bildung dieser Besonderheiten kontrollierte, ist bis heute unbekannt. Hinweise auf eine Faltung liefern tektonische Foliationen in Sedimenten, die das Becken verfullten, sowie prominente Falten in der East Range, wobei die Deformation des SIC nur durch niedrige Festkorperverformung charakterisiert werden kann. Da der SIC und die ihn unterlagernden Gesteine trotz petrographischer Unterschiede mechanisch isotrop sind, ist der Mechanismus der Faltung des SIC bis heute unbekannt. Einzigartig sind in der East Range auftretende, kilometerlange Storungen, welche in ihrem Streichen der Krummung des SIC folgen. Die wahre Geometrie und die Kinematik dieser Storungen und ihre mogliche Verbindung mit der Faltung des SIC bleiben unbekannt. Um die Effekte der Faltung und Storung besser zu verstehen wurde eine Kombination an Methoden, bestehend aus Feldarbeit, computergestutzter raumlicher Analyse, 3-D Modellierung, Zukunftsmodellierung, und kinematischer Restauration angewendet. Die Kombination aus hochauflosenden digitalen Hohenmodellen, erstellt aus Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Daten, mit der Spur von Storungen an der Oberflache ergibt nicht-uniforme Geometrien von Storungsflachen bei der bruchhaften Deformation in der oberen Erdkruste. Die Heterogenitat des Spannungsfeldes an der Oberflache zusammen mit der Geometrie der Storungsflachen erfordert die Entwicklung eines neuen G.I.S.-basierten Workflows zur Bestimmung der Kinematik. Die Kinematik prominenter Storungen in der East Range zeigt grob einen abschiebungsdominierten Charakter im sudlichen Bereich und einen aufschiebungsdominierten Charakter im nordlichen Bereich der East Range. Dies legt die Hypothese nahe, dass die Storungen das initiale anisotrope Element darstellen, welches eine Faltung ermoglichte. Wenn initiale Aufschiebungen gefaltet werden, konnen sie an der Oberflache als Abschiebungen klassifiziert werden. Um diese, auf Oberflachendaten basierende, Hypothese zu uberprufen wurden kinematische Restaurationen an einem unabhangigen 3-D-Modell der East Range des SIC durchgefuhrt. Unter der Anwendung von Simple-shear- und Flexural-slip-Algorithmen wird die Bedeutung des Versatzes entlang der Storungsflachen verdeutlicht. Die Ergebnisse unterstutzen die Hypothese, dass der Versatz entlang der Storungen eine wesentliche Komponente der Faltung war und damit mit der Faltung des SICs und der Krummung der East Range in Verbindung steht.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.032
Threshold uncertainty score0.232

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0030.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.182
Teacher spread0.172 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2017
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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