Kaposi Sarcoma Associated With Iatrogenic Immunosuppression: A Rare Complication of Bullous Pemphigoid Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous disease requiring immunosuppressive therapy. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative tumor associated with the opportunistic viral infection human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). It is a well-known condition associated with longstanding human immunodeficiency virus infection, but it may also occur in the context of iatrogenic immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE: Although a rare complication, all dermatologists dealing with immunosuppressors must be aware and have a high index of suspicion when a patient presents with rapidly progressive violaceous papules. METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe an Italian male patient treated for bullous pemphigoid with topical and systemic corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) who developed multifocal cutaneous KS after a few months of therapy. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, KS onset associated with MMF and corticosteroids intake for BP treatment has not been reported previously. KS associated with iatrogenic immunosuppression can have an aggressive course, and it must be promptly recognised since cessation of immunosuppression therapy can lead to complete resolution. Immune restoration is the key to control this viral infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".