Heavy Oil Based Mixtures of Different Origins and Treatments Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heavy oil molecular mixtures were investigated on the basis of single molecules resolved by atomic force microscopy. The eight different samples analyzed include asphaltenes and other heavy oil fractions of different geographic/geologic origin and processing steps applied. The collected AFM data of individual molecules provide information about the molecular geometry, aromaticity, the content of nonhexagonal rings, typical types and locations of heterocycles, occurrence, length and connectivity of alkyl side chains, and ratio of archipelago- vs island-type architectures. Common and distinguishing structural motifs for the different samples could be identified. The measured size distributions and the degree of unsaturation by scanning probe microscopy is consistent with mass spectrometry data presented herein. The results obtained reveal the complexity, properties and specifics of heavy oil fractions with implications for upstream oil production and downstream oil processing. Moreover, the identified molecular structures form a basis for modeling geochemical oil formation processes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it