Performance study of multistage membrane and hybrid distillation processes for propylene/propane separation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article investigates the separation performance and energy efficiency of multistage membrane and hybrid processes for the separation of propane/propylene mixtures compared with the conventional distillation process. To satisfy the separation objective of 0.996 mol/mol (99.6 mol%) C 3 H 6 purity and 97 % C 3 H 6 separation recovery ratio, a detailed parametric study for the multistage membrane and hybrid process systems was described. For this purpose, the effects of operating conditions and process configurations on separation performance have been evaluated using a counter‐current flow model. The numerical model using a single‐stage membrane was validated with published experimental data for the membrane system, and the model was then applied to multistage membrane and hybrid processes. The optimum variables that satisfy the targeted purity and recovery ratio were examined using the multistage membrane at a given selectivity and pressure ratio. The energy consumption of several hybrid configurations for the separation of propane/propylene mixtures was investigated with conventional distillation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".