Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Main Menu Session XXXX Instrumentation of a PEM Fuel Cell Vehicle Bruce Sun, Wallace Turner, Micheal Parten Tim Maxwell Electrical and Computer Engineering Mechanical Engineering Texas Tech University I. Introduction Electric vehicles have long held the promise of zero emission vehicles. However, battery powered electric vehicles have not been accepted by the general public, in large part, because of their very limited range. A hydrogen-based, fuel cell could provide the power necessary to give an electric vehicle the same range as a modern gasoline powered vehicle. In this case, a fuel cell is a device that converts hydrogen into electricity by a simple oxidation reaction. The products of the electrochemical process are electricity, heat and water. In a fuel cell powered vehicle, an equivalent series hybrid power train provides the driving power to the wheels. Both the battery pack and the PEM fuel cell system supply power to the motor and motor controller. Since the output electrical power of the fuel cell stack is designed to exceed the average power demands of the vehicle, the batteries can be charged while driving. The range of the vehicle is then tied to the amount of hydrogen or fuel that is on board. A fuel cell powered vehicle consists of the integration of many complex nonlinear systems. The power train, generally, contains a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack with its accessories, a DC/DC converter, battery pack, motors and motor controllers. A PEM fuel cell stack is, itself, a complex electrochemical system.1- 4 Over the past several years, Texas Tech University’s Advanced Vehicle Engineering Laboratory (AVEL) has converted five conventional vehicles to HEVs and alternative fueled vehicles for the various Vehicle Challenges sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the three major U.S. automobile manufacturers, the Society of Automotive Engineers and Natural Resources Canada.5-9 Of particular interest today is the popularity of full sized sport utility vehicles (SUV). These vehicles are reversing the trends, over the last few years, of reduced emissions and improved fuel economy. In line with these problems, recent work at AVEL has included the conversion of a 2000 model General Motors Suburban to a fuel cell powered vehicle. The development of the vehicle is a multidisciplinary project with students from mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science involved. The majority of the team members are enrolled in a two-semester senior design sequence. However, some graduate students and volunteers also participated in the program. Faculty advisors from both electrical and mechanical engineering provide guidance for the team. The fuel cell’s performance is directly related to a large number of factors, which must be monitored and controlled. In this application, a modular LabVIEW Virtual Instrument is used to Main Menu
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".