Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the development of sharing and its associations with moral emotions in an ethnically diverse sample of 244 4-, 8-, and 12-year-old children. Sharing was measured through participantsâ allocation of resources in the dictator game. Participants completed self-report measures of sympathy and anticipated their negatively and positively valenced moral emotions (i.e., guilt and pride) following actions that either violated or upheld moral norms. Results demonstrated an age-related increase in sharing between ages 4 and 8. For children with low levels of sympathy, sharing was predicted by negatively valenced moral emotions following the failure to perform prosocial duties. Sympathy also emerged as a significant predictor of sharing behaviour in early childhood. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to childrenâs developing norms of fairness and the emergence of two compensatory emotional pathways to altruistic sharing, one via sympathy and one via negatively valenced moral emotions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".