Rayleigh wave method of measuring the frequency-dependent shear modulus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The viscoelastic characterization of biomaterials is needed to develop compatible injectable implants for versatile medical applications. The present study is an investigation of injectable hydrogels for use in healing scarred soft tissues. A Rayleigh wave method was used to measure the frequency-dependent shear modulus of viscoelastic materials. A block of synthetic material was cast and excited by a shaker over a wide frequency range. The transverse velocity of the surface was recorded via an accelerometer and Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV). The linear phase delay validated the use of a transfer function method. The complex elastic modulus and the loss factor were obtained from the measured wave speed, and compared to data from a torsional rheometer. The benefits of the wave propagation approach compared to conventional parallel plate rheometry are that the material properties are acquired over a greater bandwidth. There is also a possibility of applying the same technique in vivo and in cell-seeded materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".