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Record W2623187172

International Donor Support for Phasing out POPs: Recommendations for Poor Countries at INC-5

2001· preprint· en· W2623187172 on OpenAlex
Amir Attaran

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueDigital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) · 2001
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInternational Development and Aid
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTreatyMandateNegotiationBusinessInternational communityInternational tradeControl (management)EconomicsPolitical scienceLaw
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The negotiating mandate of the POPs Treaty makes it clear that the Treaty will require countries to “reduce and/or eliminate” POPs, which in turn obliges the world’s poorest countries to take expensive steps to replace POPs with alternatives that may be expensive and which they cannot afford.
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\nThis problem is especially acute for DDT, which is used to save lives from malaria, and which we take as a case study to examine how the POPs Treaty may create new and urgent requirements for international aid. We estimate that the cost of phasing out DDT while implementing alternative malaria control strategies may be staggering: between $350 and $950 million dollars annually, and on an ongoing basis. Yet current international grant assistance for global malaria control is only about $32 million a year, or just 4 cents ($0.04) per person in sub-Saharan Africa. 
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\nThe example of DDT, which shows the large gap between the possible costs of phasing out POPs and the current levels of international assistance to help do so, is illustrative of the problem facing poor countries in the POPs Treaty. We believe the POPs Treaty must furnish sufficient technical and financial assistance to meet the incremental costs of alternatives to DDT and all other POPs, if developing countries are to sign or ratify it. Equitably financing the incremental cost of alternatives to POPs will require a legally binding financial mechanism within the POPs Treaty, modeled along the lines of the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol, and backed by grants (not loans) for the poorest countries. These and other guarantees must be incorporated within the Treaty, to ensure that poor countries are not forced to phase out POPs prematurely, without having access to the alternatives. We make recommendations for possible language for the Treaty, to help accomplish this.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Scholarly communication, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.454
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0020.000
Scholarly communication0.0040.006
Open science0.0030.003
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.076
GPT teacher head0.345
Teacher spread0.269 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it