Physical Investigation of Discrete Air Pocket Migration and Release in CSO Storage Tunnels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Various rapid filling scenarios lead to the formation of large discrete air pockets in below ground storage tunnel systems. The release of trapped air pockets through a vertical shaft can potentially cause a geyser event in which untreated wastewater returns to the ground surface. It is important to the design efforts of these expensive systems to estimate the potential for such events and to provide solutions to mitigate the undesirable effects. However, little is known about the behavior of discrete air pockets once they are trapped within tunnel systems. Initial laboratory experiments were performed to qualitatively assess the main contributing variables for the direction and velocity of air pockets as they migrate within nearly horizontal systems. Experimental data is collected for air pocket migration in the direction of water flow. Next, a diameter expansion within the vertical shaft was investigated as a possible design modification to mitigate geyser events. Experimental variables such as the ratio of expansion diameters and the vertical location of the expansion were investigated to optimize the proposed design. The scalability of experimental results was explored by performing tests on a 0.095 m diameter tunnel as well as a 0.203 m diameter tunnel. Qualitative conclusions are presented and discussed from the experimental results.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".