Addition of glycerol to lactating cow diets stimulates dry matter intake and milk protein yield to a greater extent than addition of corn grain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of glycerol to the diet of dairy cows would stimulate milk protein yield in the same manner as the addition of corn grain. Twelve multiparous lactating dairy cows at 81 ± 5 d in milk were subjected to 3 dietary treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design for 28-d periods. The diets were a 70% forage diet considered the basal diet, the basal diet with 19% ground and high-moisture corn replacing forages, and the basal diet with 15% refined glycerol and 4% added protein supplements to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous with the corn diet. Cows were milked twice a day and samples were collected on the last 7 d of each period for compositional analysis. Within each period, blood samples were collected on d 26 and 27, and mammary tissue was collected by biopsy on d 28 for Western blot analysis. Dry matter intake increased from 23.7 kg/d on the basal diet to 25.8 kg/d on the corn diet and 27.2 kg/d on the glycerol diet. Dry matter intake tended to be higher with glycerol than corn. Milk production increased from 39.2 kg/d on the basal diet to 43.8 kg/d on the corn diet and 44.2 kg/d on the glycerol diet. However, milk yield did not differ between corn and glycerol diets. Milk lactose yields were higher on the corn and glycerol diets than the basal diet. Milk fat yield significantly decreased on the glycerol diet compared with the basal diet and tended to decrease in comparison with the corn diet. Mean milk fat globule size was reduced by glycerol feeding. Milk protein yield increased 197 g/d with addition of corn to the basal diet and 263 g/d with addition of glycerol, and the glycerol effect was larger than the corn effect. The dietary treatments had no effects on plasma glucose concentration, but plasma acetate levels decreased 27% on the glycerol diet. Amino acid concentrations were not affected by dietary treatments, except for branched-chain amino acids, which decreased 22% on the glycerol diet compared with the corn diet. The decreases in plasma acetate and branched-chain amino acid concentrations with glycerol and the larger effects of glycerol than corn on milk protein and fat yields suggest that glycerol is more glucogenic for cows than corn grain.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".