The convergence of HIV/AIDS and customary tenure on women's access to land in rural Malawi : original article
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the convergence of HIV/AIDS and the social processes through which women access customary land in rural Malawi. Data were collected from focus group discussions with women in patrilineal and matrilineal communities. Women's land tenure is primarily determined through kinship group membership, customary inheritance practices and location of residence. In patrilineal communities, land is inherited through the male lineage and women access land through relationships with male members who are the rightful heirs. Conversely in matrilineal matrilocal communities, women as daughters directly inherit the land. This research found that in patrilineal communities, HIV/AIDS, gendered inequalities embedded in customary inheritance practices and resource shortages combine to affect women's access to land. HIV/AIDS may cause the termination of a woman's relationship with the access individual due to stigma or the individual's death. Termination of such relationships increases tenure insecurity for women accessing land in a community where they do not have inheritance rights. In contrast to the patrilineal patrilocal experience, research on matrilineal matrilocal communities demonstrates that where women are the inheritors of the land and have robust land tenure rights, they are not at risk of losing their access to land due to HIV/AIDS. Cet article examine la convergence du VIH/sida et des processus sociaux par lesquels les femmes accedent au terres coutumieres au Malawi. Les donnees ont ete collectees a partir de groupe de discussion avec des femmes de communautes patrilineaires et matrilineaires. La possession des femmes est principalement determinee par l'appartenance au groupe de parente, les pratiques d'heritage coutumier et le lieu de residence. Dans les communautes patrilineaires, les terres sont leguees a la lignee masculine et les femmes accedent a la terre par l'entremise de leurs relations avec les hommes, les heritiers legitimes. Inversement, dans les communautes matrilocales matrilineaires les femmes heritent directement la terre. Cette recherche a revele que dans les communautes patrilineaires, le VIH/sida, les inegalites sexo-specifiques integrees dans les pratiques d'heritage coutumier et le manque de ressources se combinent pour affecter l'acces des femmes a la terre. Le VIH/sida peut provoquer la fin de la relation d'une femme avec l'heritier legitime a cause de la stigmatisation ou de la mort de celui-ci. La fin de ces relations augmente l'insecurite fonciere pour les femmes dans les communautes ou elles n'ont pas droit d'heriter un acces a la terre. Contrairement a l'experience patrilocale patrilineaire, la recherche dans les communautes matrilocales matrilineaires demontre que lorsque les femmes sont heritieres de la terre et ont de robustes droits, elles ne sont pas a risque de perdre cet acces a la terre a cause du VIH/sida.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".