Tailoring Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution and Multimodality in RAFT Polymerization Using Tube Reactor with Recycle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Solution reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of butyl acrylate in 50 wt% toluene, initiated with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile and mediated with 3‐benzyltrithiocarbonyl propionic acid, is carried out in a tube reactor of 1.65 mm inner diameter. The tube reactor is operated in three modes: batch tube reactor (inlet and outlet closed, recycle open), continuous tube reactor (inlet and outlet open, recycle closed), and loop tube reactor (inlet, outlet, and recycle all open). The effects of inlet and outlet flow rates, residence time, and recycle ratio on the polymerization rate and polymer molecular weight distribution (MWD) are systematically investigated. The dynamic and steady state kinetics of the three modes of operation are analyzed and compared. Polymer samples having multimodal MWD are generated using the loop reactor. It is found that the MWD and multimodality can be readily controlled by residence time (τ) and recycle ratio.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".