Suspended sediment flux statistics in unidirectional flow, using a pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experiment was conducted in the St. Anthony Falls Lab main channel flume, involving sand sediment (d50 = 0.4 mm) in unidirectional flow. The flow conditions were 1 m/s flow rate and 1 m depth, and the bed state consisted of quasi-linear sand dunes with ~1 m wavelength and 10-20 cm height. A pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler instrument (MFDop) measured high-resolution near-bed vertical profiles of velocity and backscatter amplitude at various positions spanning the dune profile. These measurements are used to obtain probability distributions of instantaneous suspended sediment concentration and flux, which are compared to predictions from two stochastic theories. While the stochastic theories were previously developed and validated for low transport rates over a flat bed, the acoustic measurements enabled measurements at a much higher transport rate; despite this, the new measurements remain in remarkably good agreement with the theories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".