Methylation of Wnt Antagonist Genes and Wnt5a as Prognostic Markers in Colorectal Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
DKK1, SFRP1, WIF-1, and Wnt5a encode Wnt pathway genes that are frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer. Despite attractive biological consequences of these events, it is unclear whether they contribute to patient prognostication or may influence tumour cell biology within distinct patient subsets. I sought to determine the prognostic roles of these methylation events in a large cohort of colorectal carcinomas from Ontario and Newfoundland. Methylation was quantified and associated with patient clinicopathlogical features. Methylation was present in cancer tissue. DKK1, Wnt5a, and SFRP1 were strongly and independently associated with tumour subtype in a manner that suggested subtype-specific activity of Wnt signaling. Methylation of DKK1 was a borderline prognosticator of favourable outcome. These results offer intriguing insight into subtype-specific biology and lead to a proposed model whereby methylation-induced Wnt bias may contribute to patient outcome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".