Medical Modernization: A Macro Level Conceptualization of Medical Care Programs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The authors seek to conceptualize the assumptions underlying the theoretical models of medical modernization. They note that the implantation of a rational and scientific health care system has often meant simply copying western models. The application of medical modernization models is examined in relation to marginal and disadvantaged groups in the United States as well as developing countries. The authors attempt to identify the general characteristics of these programmes and to evaluate the outcomes. The main outcomes of the transplantation of this model are seen as: For the purposes of comparison, the authors briefly examine another model which they term "health development". This models indicates that a general improvement in the health of the population depends as much on economic, political, ideological and technological factors as health care itself. Drawing on examples from China and Cuba, the authors note the importance of a more equitable distribution of goods, power and participation in the process of improving health. They conclude by stressing the necessity to carefully wegh the effects of importing modern medical practices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".