High Sensitivity Integrated Visible to Mid-Infrared Nonlinear Plasmonic Sensor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a Kretschmann-based nonlinear plasmonic sensor with a gold thin film deposited on a glass prism. Visible and mid-infrared signals are generated in this configuration through the nonlinear processes of sum- and difference-frequency generation, respectively. The calculated maximum sensitivity and figure of merit of our sum-frequency-based sensor is an order of magnitude higher than that of a traditional Kretschmann-based sensor in the visible range. Our difference-frequency-based sensor has a maximum sensitivity of 1.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> nm/RIU in air at 4.29 μm, which is three orders of magnitude higher than that of existing devices in the mid-infrared range, with its maximum figure of merit almost two orders of magnitude higher than the alternatives. By comparison, the calculated sensitivity for operation in water for both sum- and difference-frequency is about half that in air. We, thus, demonstrate significant gains in the sensitivity of the well-known Kretschmann-based plasmonic sensor over a wide wavelength range, without modifying the physical sensor, but by exploiting and simply taping the nonlinear optical properties of the system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".