Hydrate Decomposition Conditions for Liquid Water and Propane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because of the industrial importance of C 3 H 8 and because C 3 H 8 hydrate is a reference material for other sII hydrates, the C 3 H 8 hydrate dissociation conditions were independently measured using the phase boundary dissociation and isochoric methods for T = 273.63–278.75 K and p = 0.1887–18.2622 MPa. Along the liquid water Lw–H–C 3 H 8 ( g ) phase boundary, two different purities of 99.5 and 99.999 mol % C 3 H 8 were studied. Data have been used to optimize two semiempirical correlations for rapid calculation of the phase dissociation conditions for p < 20 MPa. For a more rigorous model, the highest purity data have been fit using the van der Waals and Platteuw model and reference quality reduced Helmholtz equations-of-state (EOSs) for the hydrate phase and fluid phases, respectively. The optimized thermodynamic-based model agrees with the experimental data to within the estimated uncertainty of δ T = ±0.1 K. The results were also compared to the highly variant literature data for the Lw–H–C 3 H 8 ( l ) phase boundary, where the deviations can be attributed to measurement difficulties when a hydrate is less dense than the liquid hydrate former in the liquid region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".