Loss and Renewal in Three Narratives of the Nikkei Brazilian Diaspora : Ishikawa Tatsuzō's "Sōbō" and Its Sequels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article I examine Ishikawa’s “Sōbō,” which won the first Akutagawa Prize in 1935, and its sequels, both of which were published in 1939 (the Sōbō trilogy appeared in book form in 1939). The trilogy begins with an account of a group of emigrants’ experiences at the national emigration center in Kobe and then during forty-five days of travel to Brazil on a ship called La Plata Maru, and ends with their arrival in Brazil and several days spent on a coffee plantation there. All three stories are linked by a fictional character—a twenty-three-year-old woman named Onatsu whose apparent passivity or nonresistance to social hierarchies (including gender relations) mirrors the situation of many emigrants. Ishikawa’s shifting voices about the troubling emigration program that formed part of the Japanese government’s engagement with modernization and imperialism are discussed, along with the sociopolitical contexts of the 1930s (including censorship and full-scale war against China).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".