GATA3 Immunohistochemistry for Distinguishing Sarcomatoid and Desmoplastic Mesothelioma From Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Lung
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The separation of sarcomatoid and desmoplastic malignant mesotheliomas from sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung metastatic to the pleura may be difficult, since both types of tumor can be morphologically similar and are frequently positive only for pan-keratin. GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is most commonly used as an immunohistochemical marker of breast and urothelial carcinoma, but is also known to stain other types of tumors including some mesotheliomas. In this study we asked whether GATA3 stains could be used to distinguish sarcomatoid/desmoplastic malignant mesotheliomas (N=19) from sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung (N=13). Tumor staining was scored for diffuseness and intensity, with a maximum possible score of 6. All 19 sarcomatoid/desmoplastic malignant mesotheliomas examined showed strong diffuse staining for GATA3 (no case scored <3, mean score±SD for all 19 cases 5.4±0.9), whereas only 2 of 13 sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung stained positively for GATA3 and the staining was weak and patchy (score 2 for each case, mean±SD for all 13 cases 0.4±0.8). There was no correlation between the intensity and diffuseness of GATA-3 staining and staining for traditional mesothelioma markers. Overall, any positive staining for GATA3 was 100% sensitive and 85% specific for sarcomatoid/desmoplastic mesothelioma. We conclude that strong diffuse staining for GATA3 favors a diagnosis of sarcomatoid/desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma over metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung; conversely, complete absence of GATA-3 staining is evidence against a diagnosis of sarcomatoid/desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".