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Record W2625684158

Production of Biofuel from Wood

2014· article· en· W2625684158 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Wahab K. A. Alithawi

Bibliographic record

VenueEastern-European Scientific Journal · 2014
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicBioeconomy and Sustainability Development
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBiofuelRenewable energyNatural resource economicsProduction (economics)AgricultureRaw materialGreenhouse gasAgricultural economicsBriquetteChinaBusinessEnvironmental scienceEnvironmental protectionEconomicsWaste managementEngineeringEcologyGeography
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The world enters an era of bio economy that is the economy based on biotechnologies, using renewable raw materials for energy production and materials in ecology the bio economy allows to prevent environmental pollution, to reduce volumes of emissions of the gases causing greenhouse effect, and other toxic agents. Active use of renewables from agricultural raw materials is observed in the USA, Japan, Brazil, China, India, Canada, EU countries . The international power association (IEA) predicts that by 2030 world production of biofuel will increase to 150 million tons of a power equivalent of oil. Annual rates of a gain of production will make 7-9%. As a result till 2030 the share of biofuel in the total amount of fuel in the transport sphere will reach 4-6% To what can lead hobby for biofuel from a colza difficult to predict. But it would be desirable that under good intentions world scientists, producers and politicians didn't come to deplorable result. After all, to a regret to consider all aspects very difficult.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.028

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0080.004

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.190
Teacher spread0.175 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2014
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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