Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the ongoing WTO Doha Round Agricultural Negotiation, ensuring the export disciplines is one of the important issues. In the Agreed Framework in 2004, WTO members agreed to ensure the parallel elimination of all forms of export subsidies and disciplines on all export measures with equivalent effect (Parallelism). Exporting State Trading Enterprises are typical system with equivalent effects of export subsidies. And in 2005, WTO members agreed to eliminate export subsidies. In addition, eliminating export monopoly power of Exporting State Trading Enterprises by 2013 was described in Chairperson's texts 2008. As above, the issues about ensuring the export disciplines seem to be progressing. But it is not certain whether ensuring the export disciplines based on the Parallelism is actually achieved by 2013. Then, the purpose of this paper is to make clear problems in ensuring export disciplines based on Parallelism. First, we explain current situations of export subsidies and Exporting State Trading Enterprises in the case of skim milk. Next, we discuss the feasibility of ensuring export disciplines based on Parallelism. The main results are as follows. 1) Export subsidies have already been eliminated. 2) It is difficult, especially in Canada, to eliminate export monopoly power of Exporting State Trading Enterprises by 2013.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".