Macroscopic particle method for channel flow over porous bed
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a new macroscopic mesh-free particle method in which Darcy’s and Forchheimer’s terms are introduced into the governing equation to ensure the capacity of the particle method in simulating laminar and turbulent porous medium flows. A developed interfacial condition and inflow boundary condition are implemented in the macroscopic particle method to improve the stability of the Particle-based model. The comparisons of channel flow over and within porous bed among the present method, previous mesh-based method, and experimental data show that the macroscopic particle method is capable of simulating flows in both the clear flow region and porous flow region. Finally, two cases of flow over a rigid box and a cylinder lying on porous bed are simulated, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the measured data. The analysis and comparisons indicate that the newly developed particle-based method is reliable and has been successfully extended to macroscopic porous medium simulation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it