Quantitative evaluation of stope damage induced by seismic waves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, a methodology to evaluate damage around underground opening due to seismic waves arising from mining-induced fault-slip is proposed. First, expressions for an associated flow rule with a failure criterion developed for biaxial stress conditions are derived, which are newly implemented into FLAC3D code. With the code, stope extraction is simulated, using a 3D mine-wide model encompassing a fault running parallel to a steeply dipping orebody. The failure criterion for biaxial stress conditions is applied to only the rockmass in the vicinity of stopes within the hanging wall. After extracting stopes in the orebody, mining-induced fault-slip is simulated in dynamic conditions, considering its trigger mechanism, i.e., stress drop caused by instantaneous shearing of fault surface asperities, using Barton’s shear strength model. Damage to the rockmass caused by seismic waves is then evaluated with the increase in plastic strain. The proposed methodology takes into account the mechanism of mining-induced fault-slip, propagation of seismic waves, biaxial stress conditions on the surface of openings, and plastic strain as damage criterion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".