573 Over-feeding metabolizable protein supply in late gestation beef cattle: Effects on DMI, ruminal fermentation, and performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effect of oversupplying metabolizable protein (MP) pre-partum on DMI, BW, and ruminal fermentation. Twenty-four primiparous crossbred Hereford cows were assigned to a high protein (HP; 140% of MP requirement, n = 12) or control (CON; 100% of predicted MP requirement, n = 12) treatment. Cows were individually fed their treatment diet from d -56 relative to parturition and then were switched to a common diet post-partum. Post-partum cows were individually housed until d 33 following parturition and group-housed by pre-partum treatment thereafter. Dry matter intake was measured throughout the study and summarized by week. Cow BW was measured on d -56, -42, -28, -8, 7, 14, 28, 57, 82, and 112 relative to parturition. Ruminal pH was measured from d -35 to 28, and digesta samples were taken on d -34, -16, 7, and 28 for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and ammonia measurements. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Fixed included treatment, time, and the two-way interaction, while random effects were cow and block. Time (day or week) was analyzed as a repeated measure. Pre-partum BW of CON did not differ among days; whereas, HP cows increased BW as parturition approached (P= 0.01). Post-partum BW did not differ by treatment or day. Treatment did not affect DMI, but DMI decreased by 7.7% from wk -2 to -1 (P<0.01), and, post-partum, cows consumed 14.1 and 8.8% less in wk 3 relative to wk 1 and 4 (P<0.01). Mean ruminal pH was not affected by treatment, but tended to increase (P= 0.06) the week prior to parturition. After parturition, mean ruminal pH decreased from wk 1 to 2 (6.67 vs 6.40;P<0.01). Total ruminal SCFA concentration was not affected by treatment during the pre- or post-partum periods, averaging 112 and 120 mM, respectively. However, pre-partum concentrations (mol/100 mol) of isobutyric (0.94 vs 0.66,P<0.01), isovaleric (1.03 vs 0.65,P<0.01), and valeric acid (1.35 vs 1.11,P= 0.02) were greater for HP than CON. Pre-partum ruminal ammonia decreased (interaction,P<0.010) as parturition approached for HP (11.1 to 9.37 mg/dL) whereas, ammonia was not affected for CON (0.88 to 1.26 mg/dL). Overfeeding MP during late gestation may improve ruminal fermentation pre-partum without affecting DMI or BW change post-partum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".