Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper describes numerical simulations of ship transit through pressured ice conditions. The numerical model solves the equations of the conservation of mass and linear momentum together with constitutive equations representing plastic yield. That yield envelope is based on a cohesive Mohr-Coulomb criterion with a tension cut-off. The numerical solution employs a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation. Pressured ice conditions are constructed by allowing a shear stress (e.g. representing wind drag) to compress an ice cover of initial uniform thickness against a straight land boundary. A ship is then introduced and moves parallel to the land boundary at constant velocity. The geometry of the Canadian Coast Guard vessel, CCGS Louis S. St- Laurent, is used in the tests. The results give the total force on the ship under a range of confining ice pressures. The distributions of ice concentration, thickness and pressures are also obtained. The simulation results show that both the velocity of the ship, and magnitude of confining pressure have significant effects on ice force. The results also examine the dependence of ice forces on ship velocity and ice thickness. Copyright © 2011 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".