Gestational stress delays maturation of the hypoxic ventilatory response: an in vivo and in vitro study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exposure to stress during gestation disrupts CNS development; however, its effects on the respiratory control system are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that exposing dams to a predator odor during gestation disrupts the maturation of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) of newborn rats. From the 9 th to the 19 th day of pregnancy, females subjected to gestational stress (GS) were placed in a cage containing 35 μl of TMT, a component of fox odor for 20 min. For sham treatment, gestating females were exposed to a strong odor (butyric acid, 105 μl). Controls were undisturbed. Ventilatory activity was measured at post natal days 0, 2 and 4 using plethysmography ( in vivo ) and "en bloc" brainstem spinal cord preparations ( in vitro ). Measurements were performed under baseline conditions and hypoxia. In vivo : unlike controls, P4 male pups born to GS dams could not sustain a significant increase in breathing frequency through out the hypoxic period (12% O 2 , 20 min). This effect of GS was not observed in females. In vitro : at the end of hypoxia (7% O 2 , 20 min), preparations from GS pups showed a smaller phrenic burst frequency decrease than controls (‐58% vs ‐76%). No sexual dimorphism was observed in vitro . GS delays maturation of the hypoxic ventilatory response. Comparison of in vivo vs in vitro data suggests that GS affects peripheral chemoreceptor development and/or integration of afferent signal in the CNS. Supported by the CIHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".