Motor Proficiency and Self-Efficacy Towards Physical Activity in Children with Intestinal Failure.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Survival of children with intestinal failure (IF) has improved; however, these children have multiple co-morbidities that can impact physical function. Motor delays may result in low levels of physical activity (PA), further influencing health outcomes. This study evaluates motor proficiency and generalized self-efficacy towards PA in children age 6–12 years with IF. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study of children followed in a multi-disciplinary intestinal rehabilitation program. Motor proficiency was assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency-2 Short Form (BOT-2 SF) and Scales of Independent Behavior (parent report). Children completed the Children’s Self-Perceptions of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) and a questionnaire describing the type and context of their PA participation. Demographic and medical variables were correlated with assessment results. Results: Thirty children (18 males), median age 7 years (interquartile range (IQR) 6–9) were assessed. Median gestational age was 35 weeks (IQR 32–39) and birth weight was 2.13 kilograms (IQR 1.68-2.77). Thirteen children (43%) were dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN) at assessment. Primary etiologies included necrotizing enterocolitis (23%) and gastroschisis (20%) with a median remnant small bowel length of 61% (IQR 15–100). Fifteen (50%) had below average standard scores on the BOT-2 SF. Lower motor proficiency was associated with lower PA self-efficacy (CSAPPA scores) (r= .480, p <.05). Nine (30%) did not participate in any organized sports or physical activities. Common barriers to PA participation included the presence of a central line or parental concerns that their child was smaller, weaker or easily fatigued. Motor proficiency (BOT-2 SF) was significantly (p <.05) correlated with the following medical variables: total septic events (r= −.488), height z-score (r= .443), total length of hospital admissions (r= −.362), and gestational age (r= .361). Linear regression, adjusting for birth weight, revealed total septic events and total PN days were significant predictors of lower BOT-2 SF scores. Conclusion: Multiple medical variables related to IF may impact motor proficiency and self-efficacy towards PA, with potential for decreased PA participation. Developmental follow-up at school age is important to optimize motor skill development, and promote PA participation with family support to overcome IF-related barriers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".