Abstract TP158: Haptoglobin Hp2 Variant Associates With an Increased Risk of Ischemic Cardiovascular Death After First-ever Stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Haptoglobin (Hb) is an acute phase plasma protein which binds free hemoglobin and protects tissues from heme-iron induced oxidative damage. Hp gene exists in two variant alleles, Hp1 and Hp2 giving rise to three protein isoforms, hp1-1, hp1-2 and hp2-2, which differ in their efficiency to limit oxidative stress. Previously, Hp variants have been associated with the risk of ischemic stroke subtypes, Hp1 variant with lacunar stroke and Hp2 with large-artery atherosclerotic stroke. Hypothesis: Our aim was to scrutinize previous associations to stroke subtypes and, further, to test association of Hp variants with the extent of white matter lesions (WML) and incidence of cardiovascular death after first-ever ischemic stroke. Methods: Hp was genotyped by PCR and gel electrophoresis in Helsinki Stroke Aging Memory Study (SAM, n=378 with DNA) and Cardiovascular diseases -subcohort of Health 2000 Survey (n=1426), who served as population controls. Results: Hp genotype frequencies were 15.6% (Hp1-1), 44.2% (Hp1-2) and 40.2% (Hp2-2), within Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and equal to those described in other Caucasian populations. There were no significant differences in Hp genotypes between stroke subtypes classified according to TOAST within SAM or compared to population controls. Hp alleles did not associate with the extent of WML. In follow-up, the carriers of Hp2 allele (Hp1-2 and Hp2-2) had substantially higher rate of cardiac deaths (24.5% vs 8.5%, P=0.006) and a trend towards more fatal strokes (23.5% vs 13.6%, P=0.122). The combined risk of ischemic cardiovascular death was 2.4-fold increased in Hp2 carriers (95%CI 1.28-4.43) even after adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors (age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, high LDL cholesterol). Conclusions: Hp2 allele is associated with increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular death after first-ever ischemic stroke. This may result from the impaired capacity of Hp2-containing protein isoforms to alleviate oxidative stress in the vasculopathic arterial tree.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".