A Right Unexercised Is a Right Lost? Abolishing Antidumping in Regional Trade Agreements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This Note considers the six regional trade agreements (RTAs) in which antidumping is prohibited: the Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement, Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement, European Free Trade Association (EFTA)-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, EFTA-Chile Free Trade Agreement, and the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangements between China and Hong Kong and China and Macau. Using these agreements as case studies, the Note argues that, although antidumping provisions generally serve an important role in RTAs, in certain extraordinary cases, antidumping is neither necessary nor useful. These cases arise where the RTA parties have a very limited trading relationship, simply do not use trade remedies, or have an otherwise extraordinary relationship. In any case, antidumping has become an unexercised right as between the parties. The Note thus rejects alternative theories that look to decreased opportunities for arbitrage, trade “attrition,” or a “broader push for integration” to explain the parties’ willingness to prohibit antidumping. Finally, in these cases, competition law, although seldom utilized, serves an important function by serving as a backstop against potential future dumping activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".