John K. Fairbank and His Views on Sino-American Relations from the 1940's to the 1970's/john K. FAIRBANK ET SES OPIGNIONS SUR LA RELATION SINO-AMERICAINE DES ANNEES 1940-1970

Abstract This paper attempts to evaluate John K. Fairbank's roles in the development of Sino-American relations. It first examines Fairbank's experiences and Chinabound activities, then analyses his perspectives on Sino-American relations from the 1940's to the 1970's, as well as his vacillating views on the Taiwan issue. Research on this subject reveals that in more than four decades, Fairbank, both as an American historian and as a China specialist, put forward many policy recommendations on Sino-American relations to the American government. Most of his perspectives were based on his understanding of the history of China and her revolution and such perspectives proved to have certain influence on the American public opinion and the American government. Regarding Sino-American relations, his major views are 1) predicting Jiang Jieshi's losing the Mandate in 1943; 2) advocating American abandoning Jiang's regime in the Chinese Civil War; 3) advocating recognition of the PRC and her admission into the UN; 4) advocating improving Sino-American relations and normalizing bilateral relations at an early date. The paper also expounds Fairbank's views on the Taiwan issue in detail, which shows that on this specific matter, Fairbank utterly neglected the sentiments of the Chinese people and considered too much for the interests of the ruling class of the United States before the 1960's. That is why his advocacy of Taiwan's independence was destined to failure. In the 1970's, with the thaw of Sino-U.S. relations, Fairbank came to understand the political ideal of unity of the Chinese people. He began to reconsider the Taiwan issue in the framework of One-China policy. His advocacy of Taiwan's autonomy under PRC sovereignty contributed to the official settlement of the Taiwan issue in 1979. It concludes that in more than four decades, John K. Fairbank, despite his limitations as a bourgeois historian, did his utmost to improve Sino-American relations and his views and perspectives with this regard merit a comprehensive research. Key words: J. K. Fairbank's views; Sino-US relations; Historical perspectives; Contributions Resume Cet article tente d'evaluer les roles de John K. Fairbank dans le developpement de relations sino-americaines. Il examine d'abord les experiences et les activites de Fairbank Chinabound, puis analyse ses points de vue sur les relations sino-americaines des annees 1940 aux annees 1970, ainsi que ses vues sur les hesitants de la question de Taiwan. La recherche sur ce sujet revele que dans plus de quatre decennies, Fairbank, a la fois comme un historien americain et en tant que specialiste de la Chine, formuler des recommandations politiques de l'avant de nombreuses sur les relations sino-americaines au gouvernement americain. La plupart de ses points de vue etaient basees sur sa comprehension de l'histoire de la Chine et sa revolution et de telles perspectives prouve avoir une influence certaine sur l'opinion publique americaine et le gouvernement americain. En ce qui concerne relations sino-americaines, ses principaux points de vue sont: 1) la prevision Jiang Jieshi de perdre le «Mandat» en 1943; 2) preconise americaine a abandonne le regime de Jiang dans la guerre civile chinoise; 3) preconisant la reconnaissance de la Republique populaire de Chine et de son admission a G ONU; 4) preconise l'amelioration de relations sinoamericaines et la normalisation des relations bilaterales au plus tot. Le document expose egalement des vues de Fairbank sur la question de Taiwan dans le detail, ce qui montre que sur cette question specifique, Fairbank totalement neglige les sentiments du peuple chinois et considere comme trop cher pour les interets de la classe dirigeante des EtatsUnis avant les annees 1960. C'est pourquoi son plaidoyer en faveur de Taiwan l'independance a ete vouee a l'echec. Dans les annees 1970, avec le degel des relations sino-americaines, Fairbank est venu a comprendre l'ideal politique de l'unite du peuple chinois. …

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