Adverse Drug Reactions and Cutaneous Manifestations Associated With Anticoagulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anticoagulants are amongst the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide. Although rare, localised and systemic drug reactions have been reported with anticoagulants that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Some of the first signs of drug reactions to anticoagulants are cutaneous changes that, when recognised early, can prevent significant complications. Dermatologists should be aware of these changes to make an early and accurate diagnosis. This is particularly important in instances of skin-induced necrosis caused by systemic toxicity to anticoagulants. This review discusses adverse drug reactions to the traditional anticoagulants, warfarin and heparin, and the newer direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as the thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, and the factor Xa inhibitors, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban. In particular, this review provides dermatologists with a framework for early diagnosis and management of patients with drug reactions to anticoagulants and alerts them to potential bleeding complications associated with minor procedures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".