Recurrence of Human Papillomavirus External Genital Wart Infection Among High-Risk Adults in Montréal, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The incidence of recurrent genital warts is not well characterized; this is especially true in a post-human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination era. The objectives of this study were to assess the incidence of subsequent HPV-related external genital warts (EGW) episodes in high-risk male and female adults, as well as ascertain patient profile and disease characteristics, in a real-world Canadian sexual health clinical setting. METHODS: Retrospective chart review study conducted at Clinique médicale l'Actuel, a sexual health clinic in Montréal, Québec, Canada. Eligible patients were 18 to 45 years of age with a first diagnosis of EGW associated with a HPV infection between July 1, 2006, and June 30, 2012. RESULTS: A total of 400 first-episode EGW cases were identified. Up to 6 subsequent episodes were documented, with 194 (48.5%) patients reporting at least 1 subsequent EGW episode. Median time to first subsequent EGW episode was 3.97 years, and the incidence density rate for all subsequent episodes was 0.18/100 patient-years. Over 90% of patients reported clearance of the first subsequent episode, with median time to clearance of 0.30 years. Regardless of subsequent episode number, greater than 95% of patients received treatment, primarily cryotherapy, with high-risk sexual behavior reducing as number of episodes increased. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, a high rate of subsequent EGW episodes was observed in this high-risk population, despite high treatment rates and improvement in high-risk sexual behavior. These data, assessed in a prevaccination Québec health care system, may be compared with future EGW rates to assess the impact of a governmentally-funded HPV vaccination program.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".