The Quebec-Paris-Ottawa Relation and the Creation of the International Organization of La Francophonie (1960-2005)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The French geographer On?sime Reclus invented the term ??francophonie?? in?1880, but it was only in?1986, a century later, that the first Francophone Summit was held. These gatherings of French-speaking countries had been desired since the 1960s by the President of Senegal, L?opold S?dar Senghor, by the President of Tunisia, Habib Bourguiba, and by the President of Niger, Hamani Diori. The founding of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie fell victim during the Quiet Revolution to the strained political?relations between the governments of Quebec and Ottawa. This article retraces the history of the Paris-Quebec-Ottawa triangular relationship from the establishment of the Agence de coop?ration culturelle et technique to the Mulroney-Johnson agreement of?1985 which allowed Quebec during the Summits to become a decision-making party.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.025 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".