An Unconventional Application of Jet Grouting to Install 4900 kN Ground Anchors in Loose Alluvial Soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper addresses an unconventional application of jet grouting, where improved soil columns acted as the bonding section of ground anchors installed in loose alluvial soil with an unusually high capacity. A retaining wall, 25-m high, which had been constructed to support refuse and waste material, began to suffer displacements that became so large as to reach very critical conditions in terms of stability safety. To improve its stability 120 ground anchors were installed, each capable of withstanding a 4900 kN working load. The bonding section was achieved by a 1.5-m diameter jet-grouting column. Suitability tests were performed to confirm the adequacy of the design and acceptance tests were carried out on all the ground anchors, both at a loading force of 5900 kN. All the anchors performed very well, showing good elastic behavior at each loading level and no symptoms of incipient failure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".