CORRELATED DYNAMICS ACROSS PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN 12 LONGITUDINAL STUDIES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Maintaining independence in older age depends on adequate levels of physical and cognitive functioning. Numerous studies, both longitudinal and cross-sectional, describe progressive declines although few studies report on the dynamics within and across these domains of functioning. In a coordinated analysis of 12 longitudinal studies, we examined associations between changes in physical functioning (i.e., grip strength, pulmonary function) and changes in cognitive functioning (i.e., speed, memory, reasoning, executive functioning) using multivariate latent growth curve models analyses with adjustment for baseline age, sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Overall, initial levels of pulmonary and cognitive functioning were related across many measures of cognitive functioning for both men and women. Multivariate patterns of change across physical and cognitive variables were less consistent. We provide a research synthesis of the findings across studies and describe study-level differences in terms of country, cohort, and measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.030 | 0.035 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".