Long-term weather, hydrometric, and water chemistry datasets in high-temporal resolution at the La Salle River watershed in Manitoba, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Lack of long-term datasets in fine temporal resolution hinders environmental studies and modelling efforts; to address this issue in the La Salle River watershed, in Canada, long-term weather (1990–2013), hydrometric (1990–2013 except years with no or poor data), and water chemistry (2009–2013) datasets were developed. The weather variables consisted of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation in an hourly time-step, which is required for physically-based modelling. The only hydrometric variable included in the dataset was stream discharge in a daily time-step, which is the usual time-frame for summarizing the results of long-term studies. The water chemistry data consisted of total nitrogen (TN), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total phosphorus (TP) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP). Samples were collected weekly during the open water season at the same site as they hydrometric gauging station (05OG008) starting in August 2009 until October 2012 with some gaps (i.e. Fall 2011, Spring 2012, September 2012). In 2013 the frequency of sampling was increased to daily or sub-daily during high stream discharge and weekly during low stream discharge. An overview of the data indicates that values and trends are within ranges reported in the literature for the region. Mean annual, winter, and summer temperatures were 3.5 °C–10.7 °C and 17.2 °C, respectively. Annual relative humidity averaged 73.1 % but tended to be higher and more homogenous in cold seasons. Wind speed was very similar over the different seasons with annual average of 4.3 m/s. Solar radiation followed the typical curve reported for western Canada, with peak daily average values around 250 W/m2 in July. The precipitation records were mostly comprised of dry hours and the characteristic precipitation pattern of the Canadian Prairies with high frequency of small precipitation events as observed, with 75.3 % of the hourly precipitation being equal or less than 2 mm/h. The hydrometric characteristics of the dataset were also typical of the Canadian Prairies; the average peak discharge over the entire period was larger in April (2.3 m3/s) due to large amounts of snowmelt runoff. The average concentrations of TN, TDN, TP and TDP of 1.54, 1.35, 0.56, and 0.49 mg/L, respectively, were in agreement with values found in previous studies at the same location. The datasets for weather (https://doi.org/10.23684/ODI-2017-00957), discharge (https://doi.org/10.23684/ODI-2017-00959) and water chemistry (https://doi.org/10.23684/ODI-2017-00958) are accessible through the Government of Canada's Open Data portal (http://open.canada.ca).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".