Atypical Properties of FIB-Patterned RuO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Nanosupercapacitors
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Small-scale electrochemical capacitors, also called microsupercapacitors, have been the subject of intense research in the past few years as miniaturized energy storage components for modern electronics. Although numerous microfabrication processes have been successfully assessed to achieve low-profile supercapacitors with submillimeter-scale features, several advances still need to be made in their performance characteristics to become industrially viable components. Here we report the occurrence of unexpected properties of on-chip supercapacitors when reducing interelectrode spacing down to the nanometer scale. An ultrahigh power concomitant with a high capacitance and energy density, an unforeseeable extended cell voltage, and an impressive lifetime were obtained at such small dimensions with a focused ion beam (FIB)-patterned nanosupercapacitor based on RuO x pseudocapacitive material. The scaling relationship between miniaturized supercapacitors and electrochemical responses leads to valuable understanding of electrode reactions and rate-limiting steps. This finding offers new opportunities in the design of integrated energy storage devices with improved properties.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it