Atypical Properties of FIB-Patterned RuO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Nanosupercapacitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Small-scale electrochemical capacitors, also called microsupercapacitors, have been the subject of intense research in the past few years as miniaturized energy storage components for modern electronics. Although numerous microfabrication processes have been successfully assessed to achieve low-profile supercapacitors with submillimeter-scale features, several advances still need to be made in their performance characteristics to become industrially viable components. Here we report the occurrence of unexpected properties of on-chip supercapacitors when reducing interelectrode spacing down to the nanometer scale. An ultrahigh power concomitant with a high capacitance and energy density, an unforeseeable extended cell voltage, and an impressive lifetime were obtained at such small dimensions with a focused ion beam (FIB)-patterned nanosupercapacitor based on RuO x pseudocapacitive material. The scaling relationship between miniaturized supercapacitors and electrochemical responses leads to valuable understanding of electrode reactions and rate-limiting steps. This finding offers new opportunities in the design of integrated energy storage devices with improved properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".