DOES RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE, SPIRITUALITY, AND QUALITY OF LIFE PREDICT WISDOM? A CROSS-AGE ANALYSIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our on-going mixed-methods study examines the relationship between wisdom and other variables such as religiosity, spirituality, and quality of life among 75 Canadians and 89 South Koreans (total 164) in two age groups: 106 younger adults [age 18–25], and 58 older adults [age 60–85]). Multiple regression and bivariate correlation analyses reveal that these variables predict wisdom in both age groups, although quality of life is the only significant variable to predict wisdom in both groups. Only quality of life is correlated to the total wisdom score in the younger groups, whereas quality of life, religious experience, and spirituality are positively related to wisdom in the older age groups. Interestingly though, the elders’ daily spiritual experience is negatively related to wisdom. The results show that elders in both countries who seek spirituality, religious experience and belief are more likely wise, and their wisdom may link to their quality of life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".