X‐ray photoelectron study of oxides formed on Ni metal and Ni‐Cr alloy surfaces under electrochemical control at 25 °C and 150 °C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The oxide chemical composition on metallic Ni and NiCr alloy electrodes has been studied for changes in simulated reactor coolant solution chemistry, through a range of oxidizing potentials and pH settings at 25 °C and 150 °C. Even under strongly reducing conditions, the Ni surface has a 2‐nm layer of oxide and hydroxide from which further oxides form, depending on the subsequent oxidative step. For basic (normal operating) pH conditions and under oxidation potentials near 0 volts (vs. SCE), a predominantly Ni(OH) 2 layer is formed that appears to remain relatively stable up to at least 48 hours of oxidation at 150 °C. For the NiCr alloy, similar stability is imparted by a thin film of Cr(OH) 3 / Cr 2 O 3 and Ni(OH) 2 ./NiO. Under milder oxidizing (but still basic) conditions, the surface is stabilized by a thin film that is mostly Ni(OH) 2 /NiO. Under neutral solution conditions, the same oxide/ hydroxide films do not seem to be as effective in stabilizing the surface. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".