Large eddy simulation of boundary layers with embedded spanwise vortices
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we performed large eddy simulations of a zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer interacting with a periodic array of strong, spanwise-oriented vortices, generated at the edge of the boundary layer by a direct-forcing method. As the vortices advect downstream, they introduce strong perturbations that extend to the near-wall region, and alter significantly the turbulence dynamics by lifting and deforming the near-wall eddies. This interaction increases the wall shear stress. The spanwise vortices lose their coherence and strength within 20 boundary layer thicknesses of their introduction, at which point the boundary layer begins its reversion to its undisturbed state. The near-wall region returns to equilibrium first, while the outer region recovers very slowly (particularly the wake region, where turbulent production, diffusion and dissipation are weaker).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it