Free Blacks and American Citizenship in the US Northwest Territory (1787 and 1830)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Este artículo analiza el territorio del noroeste de Estados Unidos, donde la esclavitud estuvo prohibida incluso antes de que el territorio se organizara en estados y se abriera a la colonización euroamericana a partir de 1787. La prohibición de la esclavitud no la convirtió en un refugio para los negros libres o los esclavos fugitivos: al contrario, la región impulsó discriminaciones jurídicas y se desarrolló un republicanismo blanco exclusivo. Situado en el oeste, cerca de los Grandes Lagos y de Canadá, así como de los estados esclavistas, el noroeste era un crisol en el que los métodos de los activistas antiesclavistas se renovaban a través del contacto con negros libres y esclavos fugitivos que eran rescatados por negros y blancos. Sus luchas anuncian las de los abolicionistas después de 1830, y el surgimiento de una república más inclusiva.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".