PATHWAYS LINKING FEAR OF FALLING (FOF) AND INCIDENCE OF FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION IN OLDER ADULTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used longitudinal data from the International Mobility in Aging Study (n=1,355) to explore pathways between FOF measured by the Falls Efficacy Scale-International and incidence of functional limitation in old age. Outcomes were incidence cases of: 1) self-reported difficulty climbing a flight of stairs or walking 400 metres (mobility limitation), and 2) scoring <9 in the Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] (physical performance limitation). The potential pathways (gait speed, physical activity, balance, depression, and grip strength) were selected based on available theories and examined using mediation analysis adjusting for age, sex, site, cognition, and comorbidities. Total and direct effects of FOF on both outcomes were significant in all models. After adjustment, the relationship between FOF and mobility limitation was mediated only through gait speed. In women, no mediator linked FOF to SPPB; however, in men depression was a significant mediator. FOF has a strong direct effect on disability in older adults. Depression and gait speed partially account for incidence of disability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".