BIOSYNTHESIS OF Zn BACITRACIN BY Bacillus licheniformis UNDER SUBMERGED FERMENTATION USING WHEAT BRAN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacitracin is a potent antibiotic which is used in combination with other antimicrobial agents.Bacitracin in the form of its zinc salt is used as feed additive, growth promoter and for reduction of diseases in poultry.In the present study, twenty five bacterial strains capable of producing bacitracin were isolated from milk samples by heat shock method.Among all bacterial strains, the isolate no.21 was found to be the most potential strain; it was identified and designated as Bacillus licheniformisBCL-21.Different fermentation media were evaluated for antibiotic production under submerged fermentation in shake flasks.The medium M 1 gave higher antibiotic production (245.5 IU/ml) than M 2 (186.0IU/ml) and M 3 (202.2IU/ml).Different parameters were optimized in shake flask studies.The antibiotic production was 271.2±1.51IU/ml by using 24 h old inoculum.Inoculum size was optimized to be 6.0 % ((274.0±1.89IU/ml).The optimum pH was found to be 8.0 and bacitracin production was 245.5±0.58IU/ml.At 37 o Ctemperature, production was295.0±1.34IU/ml.Antibiotic activity was observed to be 283.9±1.43IU/mlafter 48 h of incubation.The optimum agitation speed and working volume were observed to be 150 rpm(207.0±0.85IU/ml) and 100 mL(232±1.29IU/ml) respectively.Partial purification of bacitracin from fermentation broth was successfully done by precipitation method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".