State-ing Natural Resources through Law: The Codification and Articulation of Water Scarcity and Citizenship in Israel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using the case of the Israeli Water Law, passed between 1955 and 1959, this article makes three arguments about the relationship between legal discourse and management of natural resources. First, it argues that categories (natural and cultural) that find their way into law do not necessarily correspond with reality; rather, they should be seen as the conclusion of a process of social construction, marking winners and losers in a game of interpretation and of politics. Second, once these categories are codified, once they become part of the legal discourse, they tend to become powerful instruments in structures of power; they shape natural and political orders, despite contestations and varying interpretations. Third, one of the sources of power is the fact that these social and natural categories are articulated together in ways that make legal codes seem extremely commonsensical—what Antonio Gramsci describes as the most powerful form of ideology. On the substantive level, this article argues that the I...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".