Cardiac ischemia and reperfusion in spontaneously diabetic rats with and without application of EGb 761: II. Interstitium and microvasculature.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Besides alterations in cardiomyocytes themselves, diabetic cardiopathy is characterized by interstitial and microvascular disorders. On the assumption that a specific heart muscle disease develops due to permanently increased oxidative stress on liberation of oxygen-free radicals, adjuvant application of antioxidative therapeutics appears promising in preventing or delaying long-term diabetic complications and protecting the myocardium against acute ischemia. We have investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), a radical scavenger, against diabetes-induced myocardial interstitium and microvasculature damage, and against additional ischemia/reperfusion injury in spontaneously diabetic BioBreeding/Ottawa Karlsburg (BB/OK) rats modelling diabetic cardiac infarction. Morphological and morphometric parameters in the heart muscle were evaluated by light and electron microscope. We used immunohistochemistry to investigate collagen protein expression as a marker for tissue remodelling together with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression as a marker for endothelial-dependent vasodilation. We also evaluated inflammation response caused by neuropeptide Substance P and interacting mast cells in the diabetic heart. Our results revealed that A) Diabetic myocardium appears more vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion injury than normal myocardium with regard to myocardial interstitium and microvessel ultrastructure, as well as eNOS protein expression; B) Inflammation response increases in diabetic animals exposed to ischemia/reperfusion injury compared to controls; C) Pre-treatment of diabetic myocardium with EGb results in an improvement of impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilation in diabetes and additional ischemia/ reperfusion, diminished mast cell and substance P accumulation, and better preserved myocardial ultrastructure compared to unprotected myocardium. In conclusion, EGb may act as a potent therapeutic adjuvant in diabetics with respect to ischemic myocardial injury, and may contribute to preventing late complications in diabetic cardiopathy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".