HARV: Harnessing hybrid virtualization to improve instance (re)usage in public cloud
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the public cloud market, there has been a constant battle over the billing options of the cloud instances between their providers and their users. The users generally have to pay for the entire billing cycle even on fractional usage. Ideally, the residual life-cycles should be resalable by the users, which demands efficient resource consolidation and multiplexing; otherwise, the revenue and use cases are confined by the transient nature of the instances. This paper presents HARV, a novel cloud service that facilitates the management and trade of cloud instances through a third-party platform to run buyers' tasks. The platform relies on hybrid virtualization, an infrastructure layout integrating both the hypervisor-based virtualization and lightweight containerization. It further incorporates a truthful online auction mechanism for instance trading and resource allocation. Our design achieves efficient resource consolidation with no need for provider-level support, and we have deployed a prototype of HARV on the Amazon EC2 public cloud. Our evaluations on both micro-benchmarks and real-life workloads reveal that applications experience negligible performance overhead when hosted on HARV. Trace-driven simulations further show that HARV can achieve substantial cost savings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".