Bibliographic record
Abstract
We separate the component spectra of the composite‐spectrum binary 14 Serpentis, derive a precise double‐lined (SB2) orbit for the system, and investigate the physical properties and evolutionary states of its component stars. The 260‐day binary is comprised of an early‐K giant plus a late‐Am star that is rotating at ∼60–70 km s−1. We find that the system has a mass ratio (M1/M2) of 1.14 ± 0.01, and that the cool star is ∼1.7 times as bright as its hot companion in V, though ∼2.5 times brighter bolometrically. We derive individual masses and logarithmic luminosities of the cool star and the hotter one as 2.05 and 1.8 M⊙, and 1.57 and 1.18 log L⊙, respectively, with corresponding uncertainties close to 0.1 M⊙ and 0.07 log L⊙. Fitting evolutionary tracks to the H–R diagram positions of the two stars suggests that the cool primary is part‐way up the red‐giant branch and that the system has been evolving for more than 109 years; the absence of Li from its spectrum may support the latter statement. The hotter, less massive companion appears to have left the zero‐age main sequence, which accords with the log g<4.0 indicated by comparisons with synthetic spectra, though its radius is currently only 2.5 R⊙.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".